Pyramid Response to Intervention: RTI, Professional Learning Communities, and How to Respond When Kids Don't Learn

About the Authors

Foreword / Richard DuFour

Preface

1. What Is Pyramid Response to Intervention?
• Response to Intervention (RTI)
• Pyramid of Interventions (POI)
• A Vision of the Future
• Pyramid Response to Intervention (PRTI)
• The Right Work at the Right Time
• Learning by Doing
2. The Facts About RTI
• What Is RTI?
• The Early History of RTI
• IDEA 1997 and IDEIA 2004
• Why Now?
• Growing Support for RTI
• Rejection of the Discrepancy Model
• A Systematic Response
3. RTI Models
• Two Systems of Implementation
• The Protocol System
• The Problem-Solving System
• Implementing and Monitoring an RTI System
• RTI in Pioneering Schools
• TLC
• ExCEL
• CAST
• The HAEA Model
• The Washington Model
• A New Way of Educating All Children
• A Unified Approach
4. Laying the Foundation: A Professional Learning Community
• Reculturing Your School
• A Focus on Learning
• A Collaborative Culture
• A Focus on Results
• Assessing Your Current Reality
• Identify Under-Represented Students
• Find Resources
• Next Steps
5. Learning CPR
• An Appropriate Response to Learning Emergencies
• Urgent
• Directive
• Timely
• Targeted
• Administered by Trained Professionals
• Systematic
• Traditional Responses to Learning Emergencies
• Individual Teacher Response
• Remedial Classes
• Summer School
• Retention
• Alternative and Special Education
• Doing Nothing
6. Tier 1: The Core Program
• Strengthening the Core Program
• Differentiate Instruction
• Determine Power Standards
• Analyze Assessment Data
• Ensure Quality Teaching and Focused Staff Development
• Maximize Instructional Time
• Use Programs With Fidelity
• Tier 1 in Elementary Schools
• Tier 1 in Middle Schools
• Tier 1 in High Schools
• Upgrading the Core Program
• Set High Expectations
• Focus on Instructional Priorities
• Diagnose and Prescribe
7. Tier 2: The Supplemental Level
• Creating Effective Supplements to the Core Program
• Support Intentional Nonlearners
• Support Failed Learners
• Targeting Interventions
• Identify and Place Students
• Tier 2 in Elementary Schools
• Tier 2 in Secondary Schools
• What If Tier 2 Interventions Are Not Working?
8. Tier 3: The Intensive Level
• Using the Right Intensive Interventions at the Right Time
• The FCRR: A Source for Tier 3 Interventions
• Tier 3 in Elementary Schools
• Tier 3 in High Schools
9. The Role of Behavioral Interventions
• Behavior and Academic Achievement
• Supporting Positive Student Behavior
• Identify and Model Positive Behaviors
• Gather Data on Adherence
• Tier 1 Interventions
• Tier 2 Interventions
• Tier 3 Interventions
• Behavioral Interventions in Secondary School
• Tier 1
• Tier 2
• Tier 3
10. Meeting Legal Requirements
• Keys to Compliance
• Develop a Systematic Progress-Monitoring Plan
• Keep Careful Records
• Utilize Research-Based Programs
• Change Tiers When Appropriate
• Refer for Formal Evaluation
• Meet Periodically With All Stakeholders
• Making the Commitment to Go From Good to Great
11. Putting It All Together
• Avoiding Pitfalls
• Counterproductive Grading Practices
• Failure to Communicate Program Goals and Procedures to Students and Parents
• Lack of Program Evaluation
• Leadership Matters
• Success Stories
• R. H. Dana Elementary School
• Pioneer Middle School
• Whittier Union High School District
• Rising to the Challenge
• Epilogue: A Moral Responsibility

Appendix. Reproducibles

• How Do Our School's Current Practices Align With the Essential Elements of RTI?
• How Will Our School Respond to Key RTI Questions?
• What Elements of RTI Are Present in the Pioneering Models?
• Creating a PLC Foundation
• Creating a Learning Mission
• Identifying Essential Standards
• Sample Essential Standards: Algebra I
• Sample Essential Standards: U.S. History
• Unpacking the Standards
• Common Formative Assessments (CFAs)
• Common Assessment Desired Outcomes
• Who Are Our Under-Represented Students?
• What Are Our Human and Fiscal Resources?
• Evaluating Our Current Interventions
• What Is Our Tier 1 Core Program?
• What Are Our Tier 2 Supplemental Interventions?
• What Are Our Tier 3 Intensive Interventions?
• What Are Our Behavioral Interventions?
• Functional Behavior Analysis Protocol
• How Will We Coordinate, Document, and Communicate About Our PRTI?
• PRTI Critical Steps to Success
• PRTI Essential Standard Plan
• Essential Standard Plan
• Creating a PRTI
• Sample Individualized Learning Plan (ILP)

Glossary

References and Resources